THREE QUARTETS FOR SOPRANO, ALTO, TENOR,
AND BASS, OP. 31
Recording: Edith Mathis, soprano; Brigitte Fassbaender, alto; Peter
Schreier, tenor; Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, bass; Karl Engel, piano [DG
449 641-2]
Published 1864.
Brahms’s earliest set of
vocal quartets consists of three miniature masterpieces that stand
favorably alongside contemporary vocal works such as the Op. 29 motets,
the Op. 32 songs, and even the Op. 33 “Magelone” cycle. They are
a definite advance upon the two earlier sets of vocal duets, Opp. 20
and 28. Brahms approaches the medium with confidence, availing himself
of every dramatic opportunity presented him by the four voices.
The piano accompaniments also have their distinct character in each
quartet. Each quartet relates to the other two in distinct
ways. Nos. 1 and 2 both set pairs of voices against each other,
two male/female pairs in No. 1 and men vs. women in No. 2. In
each, the pairs come together at the end. No text could be more
perfectly suited for vocal quartet setting than the Goethe poem of No.
1. The ending of No. 2 contains one of the most elaborate and
breathtaking passages of vocal counterpoint in Brahms’s entire output
as the two pairs come together. Nos. 2 and 3 are related by their
settings of translations from Czech folk poetry. Nos. 1 and 3 are
related by their use of triple-meter dance rhythms, minuet in No. 1 and
waltz in No. 3. No. 3 abandons vocal counterpoint in favor of
sonorous harmony. It is also somewhat unique in Brahms’s output
in terms of the reuse of its material in other works. While he
commonly rearranged the same text and music for different settings, and
often used the same texts multiple times with different musical
material, this quartet is probably the only example of a piece whose
text was used (with different music) elsewhere and whose music is also
found in an instrumental piece.
Note: Links to English translations of the texts
are from Emily Ezust's
site at http://www.recmusic.org/lieder.
For the most part, the translations are line-by-line, except where the
difference between German and English syntax requires slight
alterations to the contents of certain lines. The German texts
(included here) are also visible in the translation links.
ONLINE
SCORE FROM IMSLP (First Edition from Brahms-Institut
Lübeck)
ONLINE SCORES FROM THE CHORAL PUBLIC DOMAIN LIBRARY (Choral Wiki):
No.
2: Neckereien
No.
3: Der Gang zum Liebchen (The second ending is numbered
consecutively after the first ending [not my standard numbering
practice]--to match this guide, change m. 31 in this score to m. 29 and
subract two bars from that point.)
1. Wechsellied zum
Tanze (Dialogue at the Dance).
Text by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Tempo di Menuetto, con
moto. Minuet and Trio, with full repetition of Trio and Coda
(ABAB-Coda). C MINOR/A-FLAT MAJOR, 3/4 time.
German Text:
Die Gleichgültigen:
Komm mit, o Schöne, komm mit mir zum Tanze;
Tanzen gehöret zum festlichen Tag.
Bist du mein Schatz nicht, so kannst du es werden,
Wirst du es nimmer, so tanzen wir doch.
Komm mit, o Schöne, komm mit mir zum Tanze;
Tanzen gehöret zum festlichen Tag.
Die Zärtlichen:
Ohne dich, Liebste, was wären die Feste?
Ohne dich, Süße, was wäre der Tanz?
Wärst du mein Schatz nicht, so möcht ich nicht tanzen,
Bleibst du es immer, ist Leben ein Fest.
Ohne dich, Liebste, was wären die Feste?
Ohne dich, Süße, was wäre der Tanz?
Die Gleichgültigen:
Laß sie nur lieben, und laß du uns tanzen!
Schmachtende Liebe vermeidet den Tanz.
Schlingen wir fröhlich den drehenden Reihen,
Schleichen die andern zum dämmernden Wald.
Laß sie nur lieben, und laß du uns tanzen!
Schmachtende Liebe Vermeidet den Tanz.
Die Zärtlichen:
Laß sie sich drehen, und laß du uns wandeln!
Wandeln der Liebe ist himmlischer Tanz.
Amor, der nahe, der höret sie spotten,
Rächet sich einmal, und rächet sich bald.
Laß sie sich drehen, und laß du uns wandeln!
Wandeln der Liebe ist himmlischer Tanz.
English
Translation
MINUET--C minor (Stanza
1)
0:00 [m. 1]--Part 1, presented
as a piano introduction. The
rhythm of the minuet accompaniment, with a dotted (long-short) figure
at the beginning of each bar is established. The harmonized
thirds are passed between upper and lower voices in the right
hand The left hand establishes a pattern of a long, low fifth or
octave on the first two beats, and a shorter, higher fifth on the last
beat of each bar. The right hand reaches higher, and the
introduction ends with a suggested motion to G minor. The basic
volume is quiet.
0:14 [m. 9]--Part 1
varied. The “indifferent ones,” played by the
alto and bass, enter. The piano accompaniment is exactly the same
as the introduction, and the entry of the voices constitutes the
variation. They sing, alto leading bass, in a very inexact
imitation with wide leaps and broken chords. The bass finishes a
beat late, as the transition to Part 2 is beginning. They sing
the first two lines. The alto changes the feminine “Schöne”
to the masculine “Schöner” (“handsome one” instead of “beauty”).
0:26 [m. 17]--Transition to
Part 2. A piano interlude brings a
more extended motion from the implied G minor back to C minor in place
of the previous abrupt repetition at 0:14 [m. 9]. Two waves of
descending sixths and thirds in the right hand are played while the
main minuet rhythm with the dotted figure moves to the low bass.
0:32 [m. 21]--Part 2. The
inexact imitation continues in the same
vein, alto leading the bass, on the third and fourth lines. The
voices and piano are nearly the same as in Part 1, but they are altered
at the end to avoid the implied motion to G minor and remain in
C. Again, the bass finishes “late,” spilling into the repetition.
0:44 [m. 17]--Repetition of the
transition to Part 2.
0:50 [m. 21]--Repetition of
Part 2, now using the last two lines of the
stanza (which are the same as the first two in Brahms’s setting.
Goethe’s original replaces “gehöret zum” [“belongs to”] with
“verherrlicht den” [“glorifies the”]). The bass line is altered
slightly at the very end to lead into the new transition to the Trio.
1:01 [m. 29]--Transition to
Trio. The minuet rhythm continues in
the bass, but the right hand plays descending arpeggios in groups of
four that obscure the meter for two bars before moving to lower
arpeggios in groups of three that obscure the meter in a different
way. The key change to A-flat major happens during the groups of
three.
TRIO--A-flat major (Stanza 2)
1:08 [m. 33]--Part 1.
Lines 1 and 2. The “tender ones,”
played by the soprano and tenor, sing this music. They provide
contrast by singing together in harmony, presenting smooth, flowing
lines instead of the angular leaps and broken chords. The major
key provides respite. The voices swell at “ohne dich.” The piano
left hand plays wide-ranging arpeggios instead of the “oom-pah” minuet
rhythm. The right hand largely doubles the melody. The
soprano changes the feminine “Liebste” and “Süße” (“dear
one” and “sweet one”) to the masculine “Liebster” and
“Süßer.” Brahms provides the tenor the option of
singing longer notes on “ohne dich” and omitting “Süße,” an
option that Schreier takes in this recording.
1:20 [m. 33]--Part 1 repeated,
with the same text.
1:31 [m. 41]--Part 2. The
tenor sings the continuing melody alone
for the third and fourth lines. There is a swell to a climax and
high note on the fourth line. The piano becomes slightly more
active and independent.
1:44 [m. 49]--The soprano joins
again for the last two lines, which are
the same text as the first two. The music is similar to that of
Part 1, but it is extended and intensified, with an added chromatic
note (G-flat) at the climax. Two lengthened repetitions of the
word “wäre” are added as the music diminishes before the full
close (different from the half-close at the end of Part 1).
2:00 [m. 41]--Part 2
repeated. Music and text as at 1:31, but the
third line is taken by the soprano. The tenor joins in harmony
for the fourth line as the music swells.
2:12 [m. 49]--Repetition of the
last two lines, as at 1:44.
REPRISE OF MINUET--C minor (Stanza 3)
2:27 [m. 59]--Part 1.
With no transition, the music moves
abruptly back to C minor and the “indifferent ones” sing again.
They sing the first two lines of the stanza to the same music as at
0:14 [m. 9]. Because the piano introduction is not reprised, Part
1 of the minuet is only stated once here.
2:39 [m. 67]--Transition to
Part 2, as at 0:26 [m. 17].
2:45 [m. 71]--Part 2. As
at 0:32 [m. 21]. The third and
fourth lines are sung.
2:56 [m. 67]--Repetition of the
transition to Part 2.
3:02 [m. 71]--Repetition of
Part 2, using the last two lines, which are
the same as the first two.
3:14 [m. 79]--Transition to
Trio, as at 1:01 [m. 29].
REPRISE OF TRIO--A-flat major (Stanza 4)
3:20 [m. 83]--Part 1. The
“tender ones” return. Lines 1 and
2, sung to the same music as at 1:08 [m. 33]. Because of the
different text, the tenor’s long notes at the high point are not an
option here.
3:32 [m. 83]--Part 1 repeated,
with the same text.
3:44 [m. 91]--Part 2, as at
1:31 [m. 41], with the tenor alone taking
the third and fourth lines.
3:56 [m. 99]--The soprano joins
for the last two lines (same as the
first two) to the same music as at 1:44 [m. 49]. In place of the
two insertions of “wäre,” the three-syllable word “himmlischer” is
inserted once, with the first syllable stretched over two notes.
4:12 [m. 91]--Part 2
repeated. Music and text as at 3:44, but the
third line is taken by the soprano. The tenor joins in harmony
for the fourth line as the music swells.
4:24 [m. 99]--Repetition of the
last two lines, as at 3:56.
CODA--A-flat minor/major (First two lines of stanzas 3 and 4)
4:39 [m. 109]--The “indifferent
ones” enter again. They begin an
exchange with the “tender ones,” breaking up the first lines of
the third and fourth stanzas. The minuet rhythm, representing the
“indifferent ones,” dominates, but the key remains in A-flat, the key
of the “tender ones.” The “indifferent ones” sing the first half
of their line (from stanza 3) in A-flat minor. The “tender ones”
respond with their first half (from stanza 4) in A-flat major.
The “indifferent ones” follow with their second half, and the “tender
ones” respond with their second half, which has moved to C-flat major
(related to A-flat minor).
4:51 [m. 117]--The “indifferent
ones” sing the second line of stanza
3. The harmony here is very active, moving through E major and
E-flat major before arriving again on A-flat. Note that in the
coda, the “indifferent ones” are singing in harmony rather than in
imitation. They are being drawn into the world of the “tender
ones,” but the minuet rhythm provides keeps them separate for now.
4:57 [m. 121]--The “tender
ones” sing the second line of stanza 4 in
A-flat major. A repetition of “himmlischer” extends their phrase
so that it overlaps with the next entry of the “indifferent ones.”
5:04 [m. 125]--Overlapping the
cadence of the “tender ones,” the
“indifferent ones” again begin the exchange heard at 4:39 [m.
109]. The only major difference is that on the responses of the
“tender ones,” the piano right hand begins to play the flowing line of
their music, further undermining the world of the “indifferent” ones,
although their minuet rhythm holds on in the left hand.
5:15 [m. 133]--For the first
time, all four voices sing together.
The music is essentially that from 4:51 [m. 117], with the same active
harmony, but added vocal texture. The “indifferent ones” still
sing their line from stanza 3, but they are increasingly subsumed in
the world of the “tender ones,” who simultaneously sing their line from
stanza 4. The piano right hand plays a wonderful mixture of the
minuet rhythm and the flowing “tender ones” music. The music
swells to a rich, harmonious climax.
5:21 [m. 137]--Similar to 4:57
[m. 121], but all four voices sing
together in A-flat major, repeating their last lines. The soprano
cuts out the first part of the line, stretching out the word
“himmlischer,” which she sings twice. The first one begins on a
long note on her climactic highest pitch. The tenor joins her on
the second one (he having sung the first part of the line), and both
sing a decorative turn figure to add closure to the final
cadence. The “indifferent ones” repeat the word
“vermeidet.” The accompaniment again mixes the flowing line of
the “tender ones” with the minuet rhythm of the “indifferent
ones.” The line is extended to a fifth bar at the cadence.
5:28 [m. 141]--Piano postlude,
beginning in overlap with the final
vocal cadence. It is very gentle. It continues the mixture
of the minuet rhythm and the flowing “tender ones” music. Three
warm A-flat chords in the middle register finally close the quartet.
5:50--END OF QUARTET [149 mm.]
2. Neckereien
(Teasing). Text by Josef
Wenzig, adapted from a Moravian (Czech) folk poem. Allegretto con
grazia. Varied, alternating strophic form (ABA’BA”). E
MAJOR, 4/4 time.
German Text:
Fürwahr, mein Liebchen, ich will nun frein,
Ich führ' als Weibchen dich bei mir ein,
Mein wirst du, o Liebchen, fürwahr du wirst mein,
Und wolltest du's auch nicht sein.
"So werd' ich ein Täubchen von weißer Gestalt,
Ich will schon entfliehen, ich flieg' in den Wald,
Mag dennoch nicht deine, mag dennoch nicht dein,
Nicht eine Stunde sein."
Ich hab' wohl ein Flintchen, das trifft gar bald,
Ich schieß' mir das Täubchen herunter im Wald;
Mein wirst du, o Liebchen, fürwahr du wirst mein,
Und wolltest du's auch nicht sein.
"So werd' ich ein Fischchen, ein goldener Fisch,
Ich will schon entspringen ins Wasser frisch;
Mag dennoch nicht deine, mag dennoch nicht dein,
Nicht eine Stunde sein."
Ich hab' wohl ein Netzchen, das fischt gar gut,
Ich fang' mir den goldenen Fisch in der Flut;
Mein wirst du, o Liebchen, fürwahr du wirst mein,
Und wolltest du's auch nicht sein.
"So werd' ich ein Häschen voll Schnelligkeit,
Und lauf' in die Felder, die Felder breit,
Mag dennoch nicht deine, mag dennoch nicht dein,
Nicht eine Stunde sein."
Ich hab' wohl ein Hüdchen, gar pfiffig und fein,
Das fängt mir das Häschen im Felde schon ein:
Mein wirst du, o Liebchen, fürwahr du wirst mein,
Und wolltest du's auch nicht sein.
English
Translation
A Section--E Major
0:00 [m. 1]--Stanza 1.
The opening piano gesture lands first on
E, then on B, establishing the keys of the men and women,
respectively. The tenor quietly begins the two-voice fugue that
will present the first stanza. It presents the main melody of
this fugue (the subject) on the first two lines. The opening leap
is the most characteristic feature. The piano breaks a light
octave doubling of the voice between the hands.
0:12 [m. 6]--The bass enters,
imitating the tenor a fourth below on the
main subject and the first two lines. The tenor continues with a
counterpoint (countersubject) on the third and fourth lines that
skittishly moves downward, then skips up and leaps down two times as
“fürwahr du wirst mein” is repeated. The fourth line is set
to an upward shooting gesture that reaches a full cadence. The
piano adds chords to the right hand while the left hand doubles the
bass.
0:20 [m. 10]--Before the tenor
reaches his cadence, the bass now
imitates the third and fourth lines on the “countersubject,” but drops
down to a fifth below the tenor. The piano bass now strongly
plays the original subject melody in octaves. The tenor rests for
a bit after his cadence, then sings two interjections on “fürwahr
du wirst mein.” He repeats the fourth line with its
shooting gesture and cadence, adding an extra repetition of “und
wolltest” before. After the bass finishes the countersubject, he
joins the tenor on “das auch nicht sein” in harmony, and both reach a
cadence together. A brief piano interlude imitates this cadence,
adding extra syncopation and a leaping, detached bass. It moves
to B major.
B Section--B Major
0:35 [m. 17]--Stanza 2.
The women enter together in
harmony. On the second line, they pass a decorative figure
between each other. They grow in volume as they move toward the
third line, where they reach a forceful level. The last line is
an upward shooting, harmonized triplet rhythm that reaches a
cadence. The piano continues the detached, leaping bass of the
interlude, adding some gentle “sigh” figures at first, then bringing
the right hand into the detached, leaping rhythm.
0:50 [m. 24]--Stanza 3, lines
1-2. The tenor and bass quietly
enter together in the women’s key and with their music as they finish
their cadence. They move away from the key, however, and on the
second line, they do not sing together. While the decorative
figure is passed between them as it was between the women, the tenor
leads the bass on the words, while the women sang them together.
The tenor repeats “herunter im Wald,” adding yet another
“herunter.” The bass only repeats “herunter,” and only
once. The harmony moves back to E Major and the music again
swells in volume.
A’ Section--E Major
1:00 [m. 29]--Stanza 3, lines
3-4. Before the tenor finishes the
second line, the bass begins the third on the original main fugue
subject. The tenor follows in canon (exact imitation an octave
higher) at the close distance of two beats. The piano bass
strongly doubles the vocal bass on the subject. While the bass
finishes the subject on the fourth line, repeating “und wolltest,” the
tenor breaks the canon, singing the fourth line to the shooting triplet
rhythm sung by the women on similar words at the end of stanza 2.
1:08 [m. 33]--The two male
parts sing the subject and countersubject on
music very similar to that at 0:12 [m. 6], but they sing the same text
together as the music diminishes in volume. The tenor’s line is
exactly the same as it was then, and while the bass’s is mostly the
same, instead of finishing the subject, he joins the tenor on the
cadence as at the end of the first A
section. Note that the text of these lines is the same as the
corresponding lines of stanza 1. The original piano interlude
from the end of the first A
section follows.
B Section--B Major
1:21 [m. 39]--Stanza 4.
The women enter, and their setting of
this stanza is musically identical to their setting of stanza 2.
1:35 [m. 46]--Stanza 5, lines
1-2. The tenor and bass sing these
lines as they had the first two lines of stanza 3, and the music is
identical. The tenor repeats “den goldenen Fisch in der Flut,”
(without any extra repetition since the repeated text is longer than in
stanza 3), and the bass only repeats “den goldenen.”
A” Section--E Major
1:46 [m. 51]--Stanza 5, lines
3-4 and stanza 6, lines 1-2. Here
begins one of the most delightful and intricate passages of
counterpoint in all of Brahms’s works. The tenor and bass sing
lines 3 and 4 to the same canon passage they had at 1:00 [m. 29].
The piano accompaniment is mostly the same as at that point as
well. It is altered to accommodate the women, who unexpectedly
enter with the next stanza against the men. They sing against the
men in a very loud and animated passage using many triplet
rhythms. The first line is sung with the alto imitating the
soprano a bar later and a fifth lower. The imitation does not
continue on the second line. The soprano repeats the line
(without “und”) so that the alto, who adds a third “die Felder,” can
catch up. The piano echoes the triplet rhythm in chords as all
four voices come together.
1:53 [m. 55]--Stanza 6, lines
3-4 and stanza 7, lines 1-2. The
women sing their lines to the music of the men’s main melody.
Because they are also in the men’s key, they are becoming subsumed in
their world, and the men are winning the teasing duel. They sing
together on the third line of their stanza, but the alto breaks away,
repeating “mag dennoch nicht dein.” They are separated on the
fourth line, but the alto catches up under the soprano’s longer
notes. Meanwhile, the men begin the seventh stanza singing the
same animated, triplet-rich music used by the women at 1:46 [m. 51]
with the same imitation, the tenor repeating the second line.
There are slight differences to accommodate extra syllables, and the
bass line changes at the end to its original role at the cadence, the
soprano singing the tenor’s original shooting triplet line.
2:01 [m. 59]--Stanza 7, line
3. The women drop out. The men
lead out of the previous frenzy, quieting down as they begin the
passage heard at 1:08 [m. 33]. This suddenly changes, as the
previous upward shooting line on “fürwahr du wirst mein” stalls
and continues to move down. The voices, in harmony, repeat
“fürwahr” three times on sigh figures as the music gradually slows
down. Under these repetitions, the piano hints at its interlude
heard at the end of stanzas 1 and 3.
2:11 [m. 62]--Stanza 7, line
4. The bass timidly rises on the
fourth line and the tenor follows, the bass holding a long note on
“auch.” As the tenor similarly begins to hold, the women make a
sudden, fast, loud, and impetuous entrance on their last line from
stanzas 2, 4, and 6, but ignorantly adding a word from the men
(“auch”). They shoot up in the harmonized triplets and reach a
full cadence. Under this, the men complete their own cadence, the
basses repeating “und wolltest dus auch” under the tenor’s long note
before they both sing “nicht sein.” They come together with the
women, whose last word, “sein,” is the same.
2:19 [m. 65]--Piano postlude,
using the upward shooting harmonized
triplets and the leaping, detached bass. It closes with
three emphatic E-major chords.
2:28--END OF QUARTET [67 mm.]
3. Der Gang zum
Liebchen (The Path to
His Sweetheart). Text by Josef Wenzig, adapted from a
Bohemian (Czech) folk poem. Con moto e grazioso. Strophic
form (ABAB) with coda. E-FLAT MAJOR, 3/4 time.
(The same text and title, with different music, is used for the solo
song, Op. 48, No. 1. The musical material is the same as the
piano waltz, Op. 39, No. 5, which is in E major, a half-step
higher. The similar title Gang zur Liebsten is used for the
unrelated solo song, Op. 14, No. 6.)
German Text:
Es glänzt der Mond nieder,
Ich sollte doch wieder
Zu meinem Liebchen,
Wie mag es ihr geh'n?
Ach weh', sie verzaget
Und klaget, und klaget,
Daß sie mich nimmer
Im Leben wird seh'n!
Es ging der Mond unter,
Ich eilte doch munter,
Und eilte daß keiner
Mein Liebchen entführt.
Ihr Täubchen, o girret,
Ihr Lüftchen, o schwirret,
Daß keiner mein Liebchen,
Mein Liebchen entführt!
English
Translation
Strophe 1
0:00 [m. 1]--An expansive piano
introduction presents the opening
rhythm of the main melody (beginning with a long-short rhythm),
harmonized in the top voices of the both hands and marked dolce (sweetly). Under these are
steadily rising lines in two-note groups. After two sequences of
the rhythm, there is a large leap and descent. The accompanying
two-note groups descend two bars later. The music slows and
settles over rich harmony with minor-key inflections.
0:21 [m. 9]--Stanza 1 (A).
The voices present the waltz melody in very tender, sonorous block
harmony. While the soprano sings the main melody, the rhythmic
impetus begins with the middle parts. As in the piano waltz, the
melody begins in an inner voice, the soprano actually singing below the
alto. The dotted rhythm, however, which is in the melody in the
waltz, is in the accompanying repeated notes, here sung by alto and
tenor. The piano provides flowing, arching chord
accompaniment. The stanza ends with a motion to the related
“dominant” key of B-flat.
0:35 [m. 17]--Stanza 2 (B).
The strophe continues with the contrasting section. The structure
here of ABAB differs from the piano waltz’s AABB. A contrasting
phrase moves to F minor, then back to E-flat. The dotted rhythm
begins in the bass and alto, but the soprano retains the melody.
Accented, resolving “sigh” figures abound. The following phrase
(lines 3-4) is nearly identical to the opening of stanza 1, but the
harmony is based on a new pedal B-flat which was not present
before. The initial dotted rhythm on this phrase in tenor and
alto is disrupted by the single-syllable word “sie” in a line one
syllable shorter.
0:49 [m. 25]--A six-bar
extension to the phrase repeats the last two
lines, and then the last line a third time. The first repetition
cuts off “wird sehn” in the soprano, which extends the word
“Leben.” The extension moves strongly to A-flat major and a
variation of the melody in that key leads to the highest soprano notes
(on the extended “Leben”). Then a descending line of chords moves
back to E-flat and sets the last line the third time. The melody
does not reach a complete close at the cadence, and the final E-flat
harmony merges back into the introduction.
Strophe 2
1:02 [m. 1]--Piano
introduction, as at the beginning, leading out of
the first strophe, and marked as a repeat.
1:19 [m. 9]--Stanza 3 (A).
Set to the same music as stanza 1. At the third line (the second
phrase of the stanza), the alto has an added dotted rhythm on a
repeated note to accommodate an extra syllable.
1:34 [m. 17]--Stanza 4 (B).
Set to the same music as stanza 2. The extra syllable (“keiner”)
means that the second phrase (lines 3-4) is set to the same declamation
in tenor and alto as the opening of the melody in stanza 1, which was
not the case in stanza 2.
1:47 [m. 25]--The six-bar
extension repeats the last two lines, then
the last line a third time. The soprano cuts off “entführt”
on the first repetition, extending the important word “Liebchen” on the
high notes. The ending of the passage is different from stanza
2. Instead of completing the line with “entführt,” the words
“mein Liebchen” are repeated again and “entführt” spills over past
the initial six-bar extension. The harmony does not land on
E-flat, as it had in stanza 2, and a sense of anticipation is created.
2:00 [m. 31]--At the point
where the music had merged back to the
introduction at the end of the first strophe, the second syllable of
“entführt” is extended over three bars plus one beat on a long,
expectant (“dominant”) chord that does not resolve. Under this,
the piano plays a long, arching line harmonized between the
hands. This is an “extension” of the extension. After the
voices drop out unresolved, the piano does indeed merge back to the
introduction, as it had in the first strophe. It is merely
delayed.
Coda
2:07 [m. 35]--The piano
introduction begins again, but at its previous
high point, instead of moving back down, it extends even higher,
beautifully changing the harmony and pitch level (higher) of the vocal
lead-in.
2:24 [m. 43]--The music is now
very calm and slows to the end.
The voices enter with “mein Liebchen” on a static chord on A-flat (the
“subdominant”). The piano continues to murmur and undulate under
this. After another bar of piano undulation, the voices once
again sing the key words “mein Liebchen” (the sixth statement of these
words from the last stanza), beginning on an A-flat minor chord and finally resolving
to an E-flat chord in a so-called “plagal” cadence (but without the
keynote in the soprano). The piano undulates still more, and the
voices finally sing “entführt” on a complete, full close, the
sopranos striving up to the keynote as the piano also stops on the
chord.
3:00--END OF QUARTET [51 mm.]
END OF SET
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